The murders sparked a conflict that exploded into a war enveloping much of the world, causing more than 16 million deaths, and leaving 20 million people wounded or missing. His targets were two passengers in the open car: Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife Sophie. On June 28, 1914, an angry young man opened fire on a car going through the streets of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. On the front page of a 1914 Italian newspaper. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife,Sophie, as depicted in a drawing Having established constitutional democracy, Jews used it to weaken the political will of the nation.Main Article A Fire Waiting to Be Lit: The Origins of World War I.The Jews controlled the complex finances of the reparations system for their own profit.Foreign Jews dominated the peace negotiations and succeeded in dividing Germans and Hungarians by artificial national borders, while their co-conspirators, the domestic Jews, misled the nation into "surrender" and permanent "enslavement.".With their inherited cowardice and instinctive disloyalty predisposing them against defending the nation, Jews were responsible for the pernicious malaise behind the front and stabbed the fighting troops in the back (causing the military defeat and democratic/socialist revolution).Jews exploited the misery of the war to enrich themselves and prolonged it to lead the Bolshevik Revolution in furthering the aim of world revolution.Jews had started the war to bring Europe financially and politically into ruin and make Europe susceptible to Jewish "control.".New StereotypesĪmong the new stereotypes regarding the "behavior" of Jews that appeared in the wake of World War I and that were deliberately propagated alongside older prejudices were the following myths: The radical right could then politically exploit this anger and despair. Third, in Germany, Austria, and Hungary, the stigma, expressed in the provisions of the Versailles Treaty system, of being blamed for starting the war and having to shoulder the burden of paying damages to the victors, created general anger and despair across the political spectrum. The prominence of individual communists of Jewish descent in the revolutionary regimes (Leon Trotsky in the Soviet Union, Béla Kun in Hungary, and Ernst Toller in Bavaria) confirmed to antisemites the "natural" attraction of Jews and international communism. Second, the Bolshevik Revolution, the establishment of the Soviet Union, and short-lived experiments with communist dictatorship in Bavaria and Hungary frightened the middle classes all over Europe and even across the Atlantic in the United States. Like other negative stereotypes about Jews, the stab-in-the-back legend was believed despite the fact that it was entirely untrue: German Jews had served in the German armed forces loyally, bravely, and out of proportion to their numbers in the population. This legend was widely believed and deliberately disseminated by the defeated German military leadership, seeking to avoid personal consequences for their policies. A stab-in-the-back legend attributed the German and Austrian defeat in World War I to internal traitors working for foreign interests, primarily Jews and communists. ![]() ![]() It seemed inexplicable except by insidious internal betrayal. Three trends that developed during and immediately after World War I brought antisemitism, including its racist variant, into the mainstream of European politics.įirst, for the nations that lost the war, the dreadful carnage on the battlefield-Europe's first experience with mass man-made death-seemed to be a sacrifice made for no gain. Nevertheless, enduring stereotypes of Jews and Jewish "behavior" continued to exist among non-Jews. Before World War I, radical, racist antisemitism was confined to the fringe of right-wing politics throughout most of Europe and in the United States.
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